Genetics experts play a vital role across UK legal proceedings by providing independent, scientifically grounded evidence in cases where DNA or genetic data is relevant. These experts include clinical geneticists, forensic scientists, molecular biologists, and genetic counsellors. Their expertise is often essential in criminal, family, civil, and coroners’ courts. All genetics experts instructed through the Expert Witness Gateway comply with their overriding duty to the court and the relevant procedural rules (CPR Part 35, FPR Part 25, CrimPR Part 19).

Criminal Court

In criminal cases, forensic geneticists and DNA experts help determine whether biological evidence links an individual to a crime. They analyse DNA found at crime scenes (e.g. blood, hair, saliva) and can provide statistical probabilities to support identification. However, their role extends beyond identifying matches – they interpret how and when DNA may have been deposited, addressing concerns like contamination or secondary transfer. DNA evidence is often pivotal in cases involving sexual offences, assaults, and homicides. Experts provide reports and, if required, give oral evidence in court. Their ability to explain complex genetic findings clearly to the judge and jury is key to a fair trial.

Family Court

In family proceedings, clinical geneticists and molecular biologists may assist in parentage disputes or care proceedings. DNA testing is commonly used to confirm or refute paternity. Experts are also crucial in cases involving suspected non-accidental injury, where genetic disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome could explain symptoms. By identifying underlying medical causes, experts can prevent unjust separation of families. In some cases, they assess hereditary risks or advise on future care needs where a child has a diagnosed or suspected genetic condition. Reports must be clear, accessible, and comply with FPR requirements.

Civil Court

In civil litigation, genetics experts assist with medical negligence claims, particularly where there is an allegation of a missed or mishandled genetic diagnosis. They may opine on whether standard clinical practice was followed and if earlier intervention could have altered outcomes. In personal injury cases, they may assess whether a claimant’s condition was caused by an event or an underlying genetic predisposition. Genetics evidence may also appear in product liability or IP disputes. Experts in these cases must deliver balanced, well-reasoned reports in line with CPR Part 35 and are often required to participate in joint expert meetings or provide written responses to clarifying questions.

Coroners’ Court

In inquests, genetics experts may help establish cause of death through molecular autopsy – genetic testing post-mortem. This is especially important in unexplained deaths or suspected inherited conditions, such as cardiac arrhythmias or metabolic disorders. They may also assist in identifying deceased individuals via DNA comparison. Experts in coroners’ courts contribute to public health by recommending family screening when inherited risks are identified.

Genetics experts are essential in ensuring that complex scientific matters are explained clearly and impartially to the court. Their contribution often proves pivotal in reaching accurate, fair decisions grounded in robust evidence. All experts instructed via the Gateway uphold the highest standards of professionalism, independence, and compliance with UK court procedures.